In the ancient science of Ayurveda, the concept of dosha plays a fundamental role in understanding our psychobiological functions. The three doshas in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—represent the basic energies in varying proportions within each individual, forming their unique Prakriti.
These doshas, derived from the combination of the five basic elements (Prithvi, Jal, Tej, Vaayu, and Akash), have specific functions at both the cellular and overall body levels. They are responsible for creating, maintaining, and destroying bodily tissues, influencing our physical, emotional, and mental well-being.
- Vata, associated with the elements of Space and Air, governs movement and is responsible for dryness, sharp intellect, and lively activity. It is the force that regulates the nervous system, respiration, and elimination of waste products from the body.
- Pitta, formed by the combination of Fire and Water, represents the energy of fire and is associated with qualities like anger, intelligence, and ambition. It governs metabolic processes, digestion, and transformation within the body.
- Kapha, arising from the combination of Water and Earth, embodies the energy of lubrication and is linked to attributes such as love, calmness, and forgiveness. It provides structure, stability, and nourishment to the body.
Each dosha has specific responsibilities and functions within the body.
- Vata- Vata dosha, with its mobile and light qualities, controls all movement in the body, including nerve impulses, circulation, and elimination of waste.
- Pitta- Pitta dosha, with its hot and sharp attributes, regulates digestion, metabolism, body temperature, and intellect.
- Kapha- Kapha dosha, with its heavy and stable qualities, provides stability, lubrication, and nourishment to the body, ensuring strong immunity and structural integrity.
While studying in detail the concept of Vaata, Pitta, and Kapha, we find that each dosha has further subdivisions known as sub-doshas. These sub-doshas in Ayurveda are responsible for specific physiological functions and characteristics within their respective doshas.
For example, Vaata dosha is divided into five sub-doshas:
- Prana (responsible for breathing and sensory perception)
- Udana (controls speech and coordination)
- Samana (regulates digestion and assimilation)
- Vyana (facilitates circulation and movement)
- Apana (governs elimination and reproductive functions)
Similarly, Pitta and Kapha doshas in Ayurveda have their own sub-doshas, each with distinct roles and influences on the body.
It is important to note that the doshas in Ayurveda are not static; they constantly interact with each other and are influenced by various factors such as diet, lifestyle, environment, and emotions. When the doshas are in a state of balance, they contribute to overall health and well-being. However, any imbalance or excess in the doshas can lead to various physical and mental ailments.
The prominence of each dosha varies throughout the day and is influenced by the Ayurvedic clock, known as Dinacharya.
| Time | Dosha |
| 06am ——–10am | Kapha |
| 10am ——– 02pm | Pitta |
| 02pm ——– 06pm | Vaata |
| 06pm ——– 10pm | Kapha |
| 10pm ——– 02am | Pitta |
| 02am ——– 06am | Vaata |
According to this clock, specific times of the day are associated with different doshas.
From 6 am to 10 am and from 6 pm to 10 pm, Kapha dosha is dominant. This period is characterized by a sense of calmness, stability, and grounding.
From 10 am to 2 pm and from 10 pm to 2 am, Pitta dosha prevails. These times are marked by intense metabolic activity, focus, and digestion.
From 2 pm to 6 pm and from 2 am to 6 am, Vaata dosha becomes prominent. These periods are associated with movement, creativity, and heightened mental and physical activity.
Seasonal changes also have a significant impact on the doshas.
- Vata dosha tends to increase during the fall and early winter when it is dry, cool, and windy. The cold and dry weather aggravates Vata, leading to symptoms such as dry skin, constipation, and anxiety.
- Pitta dosha tends to increase during the summer when it is hot and humid. Pitta becomes aggravated by heat, leading to symptoms such as skin rashes, heartburn, and irritability.
- Kapha dosha tends to increase during late winter and spring when it is wet and cold. The damp and cool weather aggravates Kapha, leading to symptoms such as congestion, lethargy, and weight gain.
Doshas in Ayurveda & Their Relation With Wellbeing
Understanding the doshas in Ayurveda and their influences are crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease. Ayurveda recognizes that each individual has a unique Prakriti or constitutional type, which is determined by the dominant dosha(s) present in their nature.
By identifying our Prakriti, we can make informed choices about diet, lifestyle, and self-care practices that promote balance and well-being. Ayurveda offers personalized recommendations based on an individual’s Prakriti to address any imbalances and restore harmony.
The three divisions of age—childhood, youth, and old age—also have specific dosha predispositions, which influence our susceptibility to certain health conditions.
- During childhood, Kapha dosha tends to be more dominant, making children prone to ailments such as colds, coughs, and other Kapha-related disorders.
- Youth, characterized by vibrant energy and ambition, is associated with Pitta dosha, increasing the likelihood of Pitta-related issues like gastritis, colitis, and peptic ulcers.
- In old age, Vaata imbalance becomes more prominent, leading to degenerative ailments, tremors, and memory-related concerns like Alzheimer’s.
To maintain balance and promote overall well-being, Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of lifestyle choices, diet, herbal remedies, and practices such as yoga and meditation. These holistic approaches aim to harmonize the doshas, address imbalances, and promote optimal health.
By adopting a balanced lifestyle and aligning our choices with the principles of Ayurveda, we can nurture our physical, mental, and emotional well-being.
Final Thoughts
In conclusion, the concept of doshas in Ayurveda provides a profound understanding of our psychobiological functions and offers valuable insights into maintaining balance and promoting health. The interplay of Vaata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas influences our physical constitution, mental attributes, and overall well-being.
By embracing the wisdom of Ayurveda and aligning our lifestyle choices with the principles of this ancient science, we can strive to achieve a state of equilibrium and experience the profound benefits of holistic health and happiness.